Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li yog cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem tswj cov hlau nplaum ntev. Nws yog ib qho yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv sib nqus tau zoo xws li hlau, cobalt, npib tsib xee thiab lawv cov alloys. Tus txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau nplaum tas mus li yog raws li kev coj cwj pwm ntawm cov qauv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom ntawm cov hlau nplaum teb. Hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxaws ntawm tus ua haujlwm thiab kev sivchism ntawm cov hlau nplaum tas mus li:
1. Cov ntsiab cai yooj yim: kev txav thiab kiv cov electrons
Sab hauv ib qho atom, tshuab hluav taws xob tig thiab tig ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus, ob qho tib si tau txav los ua cov khoom sib nqus me me.
Kev npaj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob: hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib nqus, cov lus sib nqus ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob tau teem tawm thiab tshem tawm txhua lwm yam tawm, ua rau tsis muaj kev sib tw.
Sib Nqus Khoom: hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus, cov tshuab nqus hlau sib xyaw ua ke hauv tib qho kev coj, ua "lub sijhawm" sib nqus ". Cov kev sib nqus no tuaj yeem raug npaj rau hauv cov kev coj ua ke nyob rau qee yam kev mob, yog li tsim kho macroscopic sib nqus.
2. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov sib nqus
Sab hauv ntawm cov khoom sib nqus yog ua los ntawm cov cheeb tsam me me hu ua "sib nqus."
Thaum tsis magnetized: cov lus qhia ntawm cov sib nqus ntawm cov sib nqus yog random thiab tag nrho cov hlau nplaum cancels tsis sib xws.
Tom qab Magnetization: hauv qab kev txiav txim ntawm kev sib nqus sab nraud sib nqus, cov lus qhia ntawm cov sib nqus tsis sib xws, thiab cov khoom siv qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov siv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb los txhim kho cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov hlau nplaum no kom lawv tuaj yeem tswj lawv cov magnetism hauv qhov tsis muaj ntawm sab nraud sib nqus.
3. Tiam ntawm Cov Ntawv Sib Nqus
Lub tshav sib nqus ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov yog tsim los ntawm superposition ntawm suav me me anicumnetic teb.
Sib nqus cov kab: cov duab thiab kev coj ntawm lub tshav sib nqus tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm cov sib nqus teb kab. Cov sib nqus kab teb ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib luag pib los ntawm North Ncej (n) thiab rov qab mus rau sab qab teb ncej (s) los ntawm chaw.
Kev nyiam thiab rov ua: cov hlau nplaum tas mus li yuav nyiam lossis rov qab ua cov qauv sib nqus ntawm "nyiam sib deev thiab sib deev sib deev nyiam".
4. Txawv hlau nplaum tas mus li
Cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov tuaj yeem faib ua ntau hom raws li cov ntaub ntawv:
Neodymium hlau boron (ndFeb): Cov hlau nplaum muaj zog tshaj plaws, haum rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cua tshuab thiab lwm daim teb.
Samarium cobalt (smco): Muaj qhov kub siab tiv thaiv thiab yog qhov haum rau aerospace thiab cov khoom siv tub rog.
Ferrite: Tus nqi qis, muaj kev txhim kho corrosion tsis tshua muaj, feem ntau pom hauv cov neeg hais lus thiab cov motors.
Alnico (alnico): Muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm demagnetization muaj thiab feem ntau siv hauv kev ntsuas.
5. Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov hlau nplaum tas mus li
Cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov yog siv dav hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab kev lag luam:
Lub cev muaj zog: hlau nplaum ruaj khov yog siv los tsim kom muaj lub ntsej muag sib nqus kom tsav lub cev muaj zog.
Cov neeg hais lus: cov hlau nplaum tas mus muab cov pob hlau sib nqus nyob rau hauv cov suab sib nqus hauv cov khoom siv suab uas ua haujlwm nrog cov kauj vab los tsim lub suab.
Maglev Technology: Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li yog siv nyob rau hauv Maglev tsheb ciav hlau thiab lwm yam kis tsis tau kis.
Cov Cuab Yeej Siv Kho Mob: MRI MACHINE siv cov hlau nplaum tas mus li los tsim cov tiaj sib nqus rau cov kev ua kom cov kev ntsuas.
6. Demagnetization tshwm sim tshwm sim ntawm cov hlau nplaum tas mus li
Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li yuav poob lawv cov hlauetism vim cov hauv qab no:
Kev kub siab: thaum lub curse tig tau tshaj li, cov sib nqus ntsuas sab hauv cov khoom raug puas thiab cov khoom poob loses nws cov hlau nplaum.
Lub zog rov qab sib nqus: ib qho chaw sib nqus sab nraud yuav rov ua dua lub sib nqus thiab offset tus thawj Magnetism.
Mechanical Furrine: yuav cuam tshuam rau lub cev sib nqus kev ua haujlwm thiab txo lub zog sib nqus.